Da Teng, Mary Pitman, Punit K. Jha, Amogh Sood, Dominic Rufa, Kevin Ryczko, Andrea Bortolato, Pratyush Tiwary (2026).
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 10.64898/2026.06.10.731383.

Binding kinetics are crucial for antibody function, shaping pharmacokinetics and in vivo efficacy beyond what equilibrium affinity captures. We present “Metadynamics-Anchored Hybrid Learning for Engineering off-Rates (MAHLER)”, a fully open-source machine learning/physics hybrid method that predicts relative antibody-antigen residence times at scale. Incorporating inverse-folding models into molecular dynamics simulations, MAHLER shows first-in-class screening-grade accuracy in calculating relative antibody-antigen dissociation kinetics across a family of point mutants. After initial antigen-specific setup, each prediction takes only 4 minutes on a single NVIDIA A100 GPU, compared to days even with already enhanced molecular dynamics simulations. This provides practical kinetics-aware complement to current computational design approaches that focus primarily on binding affinity for antibody-antigen complexes.


This work describes an example of using Metadynamics in kinetic calculations.

The following methods are also used: